If the License Identification specifies, or Licensee acquires the Autodesk Materials in, a member country of the European Union or the European Free Trade Association, Territory means all the countries of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association.
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- Licensing out of your IP. As a holder of intellectual property, you can negotiate a licensing agreement with another entity (licensee) that gives permission for it to use your intellectual property. You may have a single licensee (‘exclusive licence') or several licensees.
- Moving for more than 6 months. If you move to another EU country and take your car with you, you have to register it in your new country. You also have to pay car-related taxes in your new country if you have your normal residence there.
European Union publishes new open licences or EU General Export Authorisations for export of controlled dual-use items
The European Union (EU) is responsible for legislation concerning export controls
of dual-use items (i.e. goods and technologies that can be used for both civilian and military purposes).
The EU controls are enshrined in the EU Dual-Use Regulation - currently Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009.
As part of its ongoing remit in relation to controls on dual-use goods, the EU has introduced a number of new open general licences or European Union General Export Authorisations (EU GEAs).
These changes have been made in an amendment to the existing EU Dual-Use Regulation. The amending legislation is Council Regulation (EU) No 1232/2011 published at: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2011/december/tradoc_148465.pdf
The regulation and new licences come into force on 7 January 2011 and exporters of controlled dual-use items will need to take appropriate ACTION
Under EU legislation, controlled dual-use items may not leave the EU customs territory without an export authorisation issued by the relevant authority in the Member State in which the exporter is established.
EU Member States may issue export licences which are either:
•Individual licences granted to one exporter and licenses exports to one destination and end user.
•Global authorisations (granted to one exporter and cover one or more items to one or more countries/end users.
•National general export authorisations
•General Export Authorisations
The EU Dual-Use Regulation 428/2009 provided originally for only one General Export Authorisation. This was known as the Community General Export Authorisation (CGEA) and referred to as EU001. It authorised the export of most items in Annex I of the Dual-Use Regulation to seven specified countries (i.e. Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland and the USA).
You can download the EU Dual Use Regulation at: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2009/june/tradoc_143390.pdf.
What are the new general licences published by the EU?
The new EU GEAs which came into force on 7 January 2011 are as follows:
•EU GEA 001 (EU001) is a reissued and renamed version of the existing CGEA. The licence is also amended to include Liechtenstein as a permitted destination.
Additionally a further five new open general licences have been published as follows:
•EU GEA 002 (EU002) - export of certain dual-use items to certain destinations
•EU GEA 003 (EU003) - export after repair/replacement
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•EU GEA 005 (EU004) - temporary export for exhibition or fair
•EU GEA 005 (EU005) - telecommunications
•EU GEA 006 (EU006) - chemicals
If you already hold the CGEA (now referred to as EU GEA 001) then you do not need to re-register for this licence, although you will need to print out both Council Regulation 428/2009 and Council Regulation1232/2011 for your records.
How to access published versions of the EU GEAs
As things stand, the EU GEAs are not currently published as individual licence documents. To download the relevant authorisation appropriate for your export needs, initially download Council Regulation 1232/2011. You will find the licences are included as annexes within the EU Dual-Use legislation.
With specific regard to EU GEA No EU001 you need to consult the text of the EU Dual Use Regulation (i.e. Regulation 428/2009) in conjunction with the amending Regulation 1232/2011.
You need to keep a copy of the relevant regulations for your records.
Guidance on licensing coverage
Each of the licences incorporated within Council Regulation 1232/2011 provides specific licensing coverage including:
•a precise list of destinations to which exports are permitted
•a specific list of items that may be exported to those destinations
•a specific set of conditions of use, which must be adhered to and proven when exporting under the particular general authorisation
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It is your responsibility as the exporter and knowing your business, to ensure that you are aware of the end-use destination and intended application of your items for export and to adequately inform yourself of appropriate licensing conditions by reading the published legislation carefully.
To help you identify if a licence is appropriate to your export needs in terms of permitted licensing coverage you can access the following complementary guidance material published by both the EU and the Export Control Organisation:
•you can view the destination and item coverage of each of these in a brief one page summary document published on the export control pages of the Department for Business website.
•the European Union have also published a fact sheet with details about EU GEAs published at: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/html/148466.htm. This guidance includes a summary of licensing coverage and answers to frequently asked questions.
Power to revoke use of licence from an exporter
An important aspect of Council Regulation (EU) No 1232/2011 is that under this legislation, national export licensing authorities are now empowered to withdraw the benefit of an exporter’s use of an EU GEA.
A driving licence in Poland (prawo jazdy) is a document issued by the relevant government agency, regional or local government, confirming the rights of the holder to drive motor vehicles.
History of driving in Poland[edit]
With the proclamation of independence in 1918, the first Polish licences were issued. In 1921 the first Polish Highway Code was passed.
In today's Poland the conditions for entitlement is defined by the law of 20 June 1997 — the Road Traffic Act (Ustawa Prawo o Ruchu Drogowym).
The licences are produced in Poland by the Polish Security Printing Works (Polska Wytwórnia Papierów Wartościowych).
Appearance[edit]
Licence used by drivers who are residents of the associated countries of the European Union have a standard look and contain the information of the driver, common to all countries, developed in 1998. Exceptions to this general rule apply to small parts of this document. Polish driving licences issued from the late 1990s comply with these standards.
Licence is embedded in a transparent plastic the shape and size of a credit card (85.6 × 53.98 mm (ID-1 standard ISO / IEC 7810)), which makes counterfeiting very difficult and ensures longevity.
After 1 May 2004 (the date of Polish EU accession), Polish driving licences were slightly changed:
- instead of an ellipse around the letters PL, in the upper left corner there are 12 stars
- the photo is larger
- the background of the new licence contains the words 'licence' in all EU languages.
The licences issued before 1 May 2004 remain valid (do not have to be exchanged).
EU driving licence[edit]
In 2006 the European Parliament adopted a directive 2006/126/EEC providing for a uniform driving licence in all Member States. New driving licences are issued from 19 January 2013. In Poland, the new driving licences are mandated by the law of 5 January 2011—the Motor Vehicle Drivers Act (Ustawa o Kierujących Pojazdami; Journal of Laws No. 30, item 151), that came into force on that day.
The existing licences will expire in 2033 and will have to be exchanged for the new ones by that date.
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Confusion with Irish driving licences[edit]
In February 2009, the Irish police force (Gardaí) was investigating a recidivist who received numerous traffic tickets at different addresses when they determined that Gardaí had mistaken the words 'Prawo Jazdy', Polish for 'driving licence', for the name of the motorist.[1] In October 2009, the Irish police force was awarded an Ig Nobel Prize in literature for this series of mixups.[2][3]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'You're in big trouble now, Mr. License!'. Reuters. Dublin. Feb 19, 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ^http://www.improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig2009
- ^'Police in Ig Nobel Pole position'. BBC Online. 5 October 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2011.